1 Economy 一、Chinese Economy General terms 第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry) 第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry) 主要
1 Economy
一、Chinese Economy
General terms
第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)
第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)
第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)
主要经济指标 major economic indicators
国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）
国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）
人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita
国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)
集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises
私营企业 private businesses
民营企业 non-governmental businesses
中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
宏观经济 macro economy
长期国债 long-term treasury bonds
实际增长率 growth rate in real terms
年均增长率 average growth rate per annum
投资回报率 rate of return on investment
外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value
实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place
消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)
零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）
生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost
生活费用 income available for living expenses
扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis
居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit
Problems
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
泡沫经济 bubble economy
经济过热 overheating of economy
通货膨胀 inflation
市场风险 market risk
经济不景气 economic slump
经济衰退 economic recession
Problem solving
互助基金 mutual fund
扩大内需 expand domestic demand
改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs
鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption
经济规律 laws of economics
市场调节 market regulation
优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources
收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy
适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy
信用紧缩 credit crunch
加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.
合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
Useful expressions
1．中国现代化建设分三步走的战略.
China adopts the three-step development strategy in its modernization drive
2．第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 .
Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.
第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 .
Step Two: Per capita GNP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 .
Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries.
3．中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 .
The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
4．外贸进出口增长迅猛，利用外资质量进一步提高。
Foreign trade increased rapidly and there was improvement in the utilization of foreign funds.
5．利用外资形势好转，外商投资项目比上年增长32.1%。
There were more favorable conditions for the utilization of foreign funds, the number of foreign-funded projects increased by 32.1% over the preceding year.
二、Economic construction and reform
General terms
生产关系 relations of production
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