英汉翻译基本原理第五讲：有哪些常用的翻译技巧?(续)
三、被动语态的译法：
(二)译成汉语被动句：
1、借助“被(…)+ 动词”、“给(…)+ 动词”或“由(以)…+ 动词”的结构
【例141】 His passport was confiscated by the police.
【译文】 他的护照被警方没收了。
【例142】 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
【译文】 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
【例143】 Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves.
【译文】 黑人最初是被当作奴隶从非洲贩运到美国的。
【例144】 The dishes were all removed before I had finished eating.
【译文】 我还没有吃完盘子就都给收掉了。
【例145】 The teacher was sacked for slapping a schoolboy.
【译文】 那位教师因为打了一名男生耳光给解雇了。
【例146】 The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.
【译文】 这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制。
【例147】 Our future is built, bit by bit, minute by minute, by the actions of human beings.
【译文】 我们的未来世界是由人类一点一滴地、一分一秒地创造出来的。
【例148】 Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities, are elected by popular vote. Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials.
【译文】 国会议员、总统、州政府官员以及县长、市长均由民众投票选举。联邦政府各部部长由总统任命，法官由人民直接选举，或由当选官员任命。
2、借助“为…所 + 动词”或“是…(所)+ 动词 + 的”的结构
【例149】 The late 1960's was a period of revolt against traditional values. Parents' ideas were scorned by their children, who accused them of being too concerned with money.
【译文】 20世纪60年代后期是对传统观念造反的年代。父母的想法为孩子们所不齿;孩子们指责他们过于看重金钱。
【例150】 These very elements and compounds are needed to continue life, and nature is fairly efficient in recycling them.
【译文】 这些元素和化合物正是生命延续所需要的，而大自然能够相当有效地将其循环利用。
【例151】 Each transaction is carried out in public, and the information sent electronically to every brokerage office of the nation.
【译文】 每笔交易都是公开进行的，并通过电子设备把交易资料发往全国各地的每一家经纪人事务所。
3、借助“得到…+ 名词”、“受(遭)到…+ 名词”或“予(加)以…+ 名词”的结构
【例152】 This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved.
【译文】 只有假设地球表明呈曲线状，这一现象才能得到解释。
【例153】 People are also troubled because of the participative mood that exists today. This participative phenomenon can be seen in every part of contemporary life.
【译文】 人们受到困扰的另一个原因是当今存在的参与情绪。这种积极参与现象在现代生活中到处可见。
【例154】 The area will have to be protected from too frequent, or too intense, or too careless visiting.
【译文】 这一地区一定要加以保护，不允许过于频繁、过于集中或过于随便地参观访问。
四、长句的翻译
(一)英汉语句的结构差异
【例155】 The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry for help (1) in combating the notion (2) that it is undemocratic (3) to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls (4).
【译文】 费城的一所名牌中学为一些出类拔萃的男女学生开设一套特别课程(4)，有人认为这种做法不民主(3)，结果校长不得不大声疾呼求助人们(1)同这种观念作斗争(2)。
【例156】 It was an old woman(1), tall and shapely still(2), though withered by time(3), on whom his eyes fell(4)when he stopped and turned(5).
【译文】 他站住，转过身来(5)，定睛一看(4)，是个年迈妇女(1)，个子很高，依然一副好身材(2)，虽然受岁月折磨而显得憔悴(3)。
（责任编辑:allen）
