口译培训

CATTI考试神助攻│翻译技巧大放送

<< 返回真题模拟 2017-09-28来源:口译
和英语相比,汉语行文中以人称作为主语的情况更多一些,因此要对英语原文中常见的物称主语做一定调整。这涉及到句子主语的转换(语态的转换),词性的转换以及句子的切分等。
  和英语相比,汉语行文中以人称作为主语的情况更多一些,因此要对英语原文中常见的物称主语做一定调整。这涉及到句子主语的转换(语态的转换),词性的转换以及句子的切分等。在翻译实务考试中,对物称主语的转换是常考的项目之一。以下就以若干例句说明句子主语的转换和语态的相应改变。 
 
  【真题示例】
  Education is seen as a vital component in the fight against poverty.
  人们认为教育是战胜贫困的重要一环。(选自 2005 年 5 月 2 级笔译实务试题)  
  The plans are designed to show how co-operation between private nurseries, playgroups and schools can best serve the interests of children and their parents.
  制订这类计划意在表明民办幼儿园、游戏小组和学校可以怎样通过合作来最好地为孩子和家长服务。(2004.5) 
  But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee’s success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence.
  但如果没有家庭单位的参与,这种行动将会是一场失败之战,因为我认为只有彻底改变独立 37 年来形成的一种整体文化,改造新加坡委员会才能成功。(2005.11)(注意在上句中,除将被动改为主动外,还需要遵循“先事实,后观点”的原则,改变语序) 
  【例句】
  直接翻译成“被”字句
  01) New uses have been found for old metals, and new alloys have been made to satisfy new demands.
  老的金属有了新用途,新的合金被冶炼出来,以满足新的需要。  
  02) The forgotten heroine of the race to unravel the mystery of human DNA is to be honored posthumously as part of a Government crusade against sexism in science.
  共同揭开人类 DNA 奥秘的科学家中的女功臣生前被人遗忘,去世后将被追认获得褒奖,这是美国政府反对科学界性别歧视运动的组成部分。 
   利用汉语特点,用变通方式翻译被动语态,减少“被”字的使用
  03) He prepared to face about and march back to Princeton, to be governed by circumstances and the movements of General Lee.
  他准备掉转头来,折回普林斯顿,在那里再根据情况和李将军的动向相机行事。
  04) He has been pursued, day by day, and year by year, by a most phenomenal and astonishing luckiness.
  日复一日,年复一年,他始终吉星高照,令人惊异不已。  
  转换视角,将原句改译为以“人”作为主语的句子
  05) Although the first synthetic materials were created little more than a hundred years ago, they can now be found almost everywhere.
  虽然第一批合成材料仅在一百多年前才研制出来,但现在人们几乎到处都能见到它们。 
  06) Despite the new violence, Bob Christiansen, USGS geologist, said, no lava had emerged from the mountain and that the volcano’s history indicated any lava flow would be confined to the slopes of the mountain.
  美国地质勘探局的地质学家鲍勃·克里斯琴森说,尽管这次喷发比以往更加猛烈,火山里并没有流出熔岩;这座火山的历史表明,如果有熔岩流出的话,也只会流在山坡一带。(新闻报道中的常见句式:在翻译时要先表明人物及其身份)
  07) There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
  我访问过一些地方,遇到不少人,要谈起来,奇妙的事情可多着呢。
  (主语改为“我”,且把表达评价的 wonderful 调整至句尾。)
  08) The thought of returning filled me with fear.
  我一想到要回去,心里就害怕。(简而言之,就是“我”“害怕”。)
  09) It did not occur to me that my colleagues would object.
  我没有想到同事会反对。(或者译为:同事们反对我,这我没有想到。)
  10) Nightfall found him many miles short of his destination.
  夜幕降临时,他离目的地还有好几英里。(主语由“物” nightfall 变为“人” him。)
  11) Did you get the letter that I sent to you?
  我给你发信了,你收到了吗?(先“发信”,后“收到”,按照事件发生的先后顺序调整译文。)

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