二、选词用字
我们在进行选词用字的时候,重点是先要搞懂原文想要表达的含义才能更准确地进行。在大部分的语言上都存在一词多义的情况,因此我们在选词的时候要注意不可按照它的类型来确定其用法,根据上下文来选不失为一个好方法,以下是air列举的几个示例:
(1) The rain had cleaned the air.雨后空气新鲜。(名词)
(2) Don't air your troubles too often.别老是诉苦。(动词)
在选词的时候,不光要注意上述的问题,我们还要掌握该词的广泛意义来进行适当合理的选择,例如:
(1) He preferred the products of old brand to the new flashy.他宁可要老牌产品,而不要质量差的新产品。(抽象-具体)
(2) There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists.
帝国主义者的性格有残暴的一面,也有狡猾的一面。(具体-抽象)
(3) She said, "He is a lightly discriminating man." 她说,"他是个很爱挑剔的买主。"(一般-个别)
(4) I used to be a politician. But since I came back from Peking, I have been a statesman. 我过去一直是吃政治饭的,但是,自从我从北京回来以后,我已成了一名政治家。(贬义;褒义)
最后,我们还要掌握语句整体的感情色彩及组合搭配。例如:
winds风(普通文体);风云(文学文体)
red flower红花(普通文体);红艳艳的花儿(文学文体)
green willow绿柳(普通文体);柳色青青(文学文体)
注意词语搭配一般需注意这三种情形:一是由于两种语言词语的搭配能力不同,一种语言中可以成立的搭配关系(联立关系)在另一种语言中不能成立,翻译时须根据译入语的表达习惯重新组合。例如put on clothes/shoes在汉语中就要说"穿上衣服/鞋子".
二是某种搭配在两种语言中都可以成立,但就表意、表情效果看,译入语不宜采用与译出语一样的搭配。如:
……yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praises the stone-cutter curves over his bones; who is good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband; who actually does have a disconsolate family to mourn his loss;……
……不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒,慈爱的父母,孝顺的儿女,贤良的妻子,尽职的丈夫,他们家里的人也的确哀思绵绵地追悼他们。(本句中的good并没有用"好"字来译。)
三是有些词语组合顺序在英语里是正常语序,如直译成汉语时却不符合汉语习惯,须作颠倒处理,否则译文意思不准确或是表达不符汉语表达习惯。例如:
rural America美国农村;a new international economic order国际经济新秩序
(1) She stopped listening. She felt as though she had been slapped to the extreme outer edge of life, into a cold darkness.她再也听不下去了。她觉得似乎自己狠狠地让人击了一掌,给摔到生活的最外的危险边缘,推进又冷又黑的地方。
(责任编辑:doublejp)