我们平时在翻译英语论说文的时候,应该注意下面几个问题:
1) 理清原文的篇章结构。论说文的篇章结构往往较为复杂,因此在着手翻译前译者应首先分析一下原文的结构与布局,理清段与段之间的关系,以便从整体上把握全文的脉络。
2) 谨慎遣词造句。论说文在遣词造句上有其明显的特点,因此翻译中译者必须最大限度的体现原文在字、词、句方面的文体特征。在措词方面,一定要使译文与原文在语域上相适应。在句法方面,译文在避免翻译腔的同时应反映原文的句法特征,以体现论说文严谨、慎密的特点。此外,译文还应尽量再现原文的修辞特征,例如,原文如有排比结构,则译文也应设法以排比结构将之译出,以体现原文的气势与感染力。
3) 如果原文作者引经据典,译者在翻译中可采取加注或.释义的方法。如译一般论说文,以上2种方法则可视情况选用。如译演讲或发言,应以后一种方法为主。这主要是考虑到译文的语篇功能应与原文对等。当然,如果我们翻译一篇演讲或发言,只为他人参考或为了研究等别的目的,那么译者在处理典故时,不妨多用加注的方法,以便读者参考或弄清出处。
试看下面这篇论说文及其译文:
Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a large sense, we cannot dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we cannot hallow - this ground. The brave men, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here; but it can never forget what did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。
现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。
但是,从更广泛的意义上来说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界将永志不忘。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的的未竟的事业——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神,来完成他们已彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定更大的决心,不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。
这位译者就根据以上的一些要点,理清了思路,翻译时紧扣主题,将原文所表达之意发挥得淋漓尽致。
(责任编辑:doublejp)