口译培训

汉英语序的相似之处及同传技巧

<< 返回考试资料 2012-09-24来源:口译
1、完全相同的情况 汉语的基本语序是主语+谓语+宾语,定语和状语一般取前置式。英语的基本语序也是主谓宾结构,但定语和状语既有前置式也有后置式。遇到两种语言语序完全吻合时

1、完全相同的情况

汉语的基本语序是“主语+谓语+宾语”,定语和状语一般取前置式。英语的基本语序也是“主谓宾”结构,但定语和状语既有前置式也有后置式。遇到两种语言语序完全吻合时,可以完全顺译下去,不需作调整。不过这类句子是不多见的。如:

   1)如诸位所知,中国的复关已到了十分关键的阶段。

As you all know, China's accession to GATT has come to a critical stage.

汉语中状语一般前置,英语中有前置也有后置,位置较为灵活,但后置更为常见。若作笔译,可能将状语后移;作同传时只能顺序译出,如下例中的时间状语都译为前置状语,虽然这样做可能会不太符合英语习惯。

2)1978年12月,中国共产党十一届三中全会作出了实行改革开放的战略决策。

In December 1978, the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Party Congress made a strategic decision on reform and opening up.

3)经过十五年的改革,中国在经济体制和社会生活等方面发生了一系列重大变化。

After 15 years of reform, China's economic structure and social life have undergone a series of major changes.

2、部分相同的情况

较为多见的是句子主要成分(主语、谓语、宾语)语序相同,次要成分(定语、状语)语序不同,但由于各句子成分较短,我们可以将有些成分存于大脑中,留待后面译出。如:

1)中国政府对其外贸体制进行了重大改革,并取得了举世瞩目的成就。(译时将“外贸体制”留待“改革”后译出。)

The Chinese government has drastically reformed its foreign trade regime and made world acclaimed achievements.

2) 随着改革的深化,开放的扩大和经济的发展,中国国内市场日趋繁荣。(译时将前置定语变为后置。)

With the furtherance of reform and opening up and growth of the economy, China's domestic market has become increasingly prosperous.

3)我还记得我当时在那次会议上强调的是:消除误解,增进共识。(译时将第二个“我”后移;为行文需要,加“importance"一词。)

I can recall that at that meeting I emphasized the importance of removing misunderstandings and promoting mutual understanding.

3、变通后语序相同

有些中文句子按笔译作法结构可能要作大的调整,但同传时通过一定手段也可以将句子顺译下去。如:

1)争端各方应当在相互尊重独立、主权和领土完整的原则基础上,通过友好协商和谈判,寻求……(译时可以预测到“在……基础上。若将其变为动词短语follow the principle of ,则可顺译。)

The parties to the dispute should follow the principle of mutual respect for independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity and conduct friendly negotiations and consultations for…

2)中国曾经是一个长期遭受帝国主义凌辱而后获得独立的社会主义国家。(译时将“而后”译为before)

China had suffered from prolonged oppression and humiliation by the imperialists before it became independent as a socialist country.

 

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