2015年翻译资格笔译考试辅导：定语从句的讲解、练习及译法

　　口译家整理了“2015年翻译资格笔译考试辅导：定语从句的讲解、练习及译法”，希望对笔译口译考试备考有所帮助，想学习更多考试心得，可以持续关注口译家。
　　定语从句的讲解、练习及译法
　　1.that和which用法比较：
　　1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。
　　e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.
　　他说他很忙，那是假的。
　　We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.
　　我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。
　　2) which用于介词后做宾语。
　　e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.
　　窗户正对着海的房间很大。
　　The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.
　　你坐的椅子是用钢做的。
　　3) that一定用于“不(不定代词作先行词时)止(“只是”only修饰先行词时)最(形容词最高级修饰先行词时)两(先行词同时出现人和物)序(序数词修饰先行词时)”五种情况。
　　e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。
　　A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.
　　装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。
　　That is only thing that I want to know.
　　那是我唯一想知道的事情。
　　The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.
　　你买的最后一本书是我想买的。
　　What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before?
　　你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大?
　　2.定语从句的种类
　　定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和限定性定语从句。
　　e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy.
　　他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。
　　*非限定性定语从句(描绘性定语从句)和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。
　　e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy.
　　他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。
　　*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。
　　语法及词汇练习
　　1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.
　　A after B with C by D from
　　2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance.
　　A preferable B considerable C possible D available
　　3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.
　　A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to
　　4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.
　　A of B to C with D from
　　5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us.
　　A that B which C as D what
　　6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
　　A ignored B neglected C refused D denied
　　7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage.
　　A unless B until C before D although
　　8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.
　　A Each B Any C Either D One
　　9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist’s.
　　A each B some C any D certain
　　10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
　　A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed
　　11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
　　A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing
　　12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
　　A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed
　　13. __ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
　　A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom
　　C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that
　　14. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller __.
　　A suit B set C one D pair
　　15. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.
　　A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities
　　16. He must have had an accident, or he __ then.
　　A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here
　　17. You __ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
　　A needn’t have done B must not have done
　　C shouldn’t have done D can not have done
　　18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it.

（责任编辑:秩名）