2015年翻译资格考试：汉译常见动词的翻译（1）

　汉译常见动词的翻译

　　1.“…化”

　　现代化modernization;城市化urbanization;本地化localization,等等。但是，不是汉语中的所有“…化”都有对应的英语词。这时就需要针对具体情况做出相应的翻译。如：

　　①要让我们的干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化。The ranks of carders should be made more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent.

　　① 要按照革命化现代化正规化相统一的原则，加强军队全面建设。We need to strength all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modern and standardized.

　　所以，可以看出，在很多情况下，汉语中的“…化”可以翻译成“make…+比较级”。

　　2. “…率”

　　效率efficiency; 折射率index of refraction;导电率electric conductivity：导热率thermal conductivity,等等。但是，不是汉语中所有的“率”都有对应的英文词。如：

　　① 北京市家用汽车普及率已经达到25%。Now 25% of families in Beijing own at least a car.

　　② 我们要将全国城乡居民分别纳入城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险和新型农村合作医疗制度覆盖范围，三年内参保率均提高到90%以上。Urban residents will be covered by basic medical insurance for urban workers or basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents, and rural residents will be covered by the new type of rural cooperative medical care system. We will ensure that these programs cover over 90% of those eligible within three years.

　　③ 2011年上海市计划生育率为99%。Ninety-nine percent of new births in Shanghai in the year 2011 meet national policies on family planning.

　　由此可见，很多情况下汉语中的“…率”在翻译时可以转化成相应的百分数。

　　3. “增强/降低…性”

　　柔性flexibility;弹性elasticity;刚性rigidity, 等等。但是，不是汉语中所有的“…性”都有相对应的英文词。如：

　　① 我们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性。We need to be more resolute and courageous in carrying out reform, and make reform decisions more scientific and reform measures better coordinated.

 

　　② 要加强产业、贸易、土地、投资、就业政策与财政、货币政策的一致性和协调性，形成调控合力。We need to make our fiscal and monetary policies more consistent and coordinated with our industrial, trade, land, investment and employment policies to create a control synergy.

　　③ 如今，人们对传统能源的依赖性降低了。Nowadays, people are less dependent on traditional energies.

　　显然，许多时候“增强/降低…性”可以翻译成“make…+比较级”。

　　4. “提高…”

　　可用的动词有raise, increase, elevate, uplift, heighten, improve等。尽量不用短语动词。

　　① 我们三次较大幅度提高了粮食最低收购价，提价幅度超过20%。We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%.

　　② 我们加强了耕地保护和农田水利建设，提高了农业综合生产能力。We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity.

　　③ 在跑道、滑行道的混凝土道面施工中，我公司成功引进了混凝土摊铺机、混凝土振动梁、混凝土道面刻纹机等先进设备，加快了工期，提高了质量、降低了成本，增加了效益。In the construction of the runway and taxiway, we introduced and successfully used such advanced equipment as concrete spreaders, concrete vibration beams and concrete road surface groove cutters, by which we shortened the construction period, improved the quality, reduced the cost and increased the profit.

　　5. “加强…”

　　可用的动词有enhance, reinforce, tighten, intensify, strengthen等等，有时根据原文的真实意思，甚至翻译成improve。尽量不要用短语动词。

　　① 公共文化基础设施建设得到加强，文化产业快速发展，文化体制改革不断深化。Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened.