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全国外语翻译证书考试(NAETI)翻译指导:句子合成法

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全国外语翻译证书考试(NAETI)翻译指导:句子合成法

  两个或两个以上简单句(Simple Sentence)可以合成一个较长的简单句、并列句(Compound Sentence)或复杂句 (Complex Sentence).通过句子的合成,我们得以更清楚地看出句子间的语义关系,而且还可以使句子多样化,增加文章的丰姿。
  现在就从三方面来看看句子合成法的问题。
  1.由两三个简单句合成一个长的简单句。例如:
  (1) John ran away. He escaped the danger. → Running away, John escaped the danger.)
  (2) The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar.→ The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
  (3) The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted.→ On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.
  (4) Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice.→ Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.
  (5) The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally.→ The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
  2.由两三个简单句合成一个并列句。例如:
  (6) John was sad. He kept quiet.→ John was sad but he kept quiet.
  (7) Take the book. Leave it there.→ Take the book or leave it there.
  (8) Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache.→ Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.
  (9) Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard.→ Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
  3.由两三个简单句合成一个复杂句。例如:
  (10) Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it.→ We know that Kelvin is getting rich.
  (11) I like this book. It contains many amusing stories.→ I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
  (12) Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain? → Why does  Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?
  (13) The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night.→ The woman  was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
  上面例子显示,简单句由“主语+谓语”(Subject + Predicate)构成,有时还附有修饰性的短语。并列句由至少两个地位平等的并列分句透过并列连词(Coordinating Conjunction)如“ and, or, but, so, for ”等连成。复杂句包括一个主句(Main Clause)及至少一个从句(Subordinate Clause),通过从属连词 (Subordinating Conjunction)如 “That, since, because, when, if ”等合成。从属分句因功能不同而分成“名词从句”(Noun Clause),“副词从句”(Adverb Clause)和“形容词从句” (Adjective Clause).上述诸句式中,复杂句最为多采多姿,不妨多用。为了避免句子太长,难以控制,一个复杂句最好不要超过三个从句。


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