Aid will not get countries out of the traps. It cannot stop conflict, though it can help after one is over. It can do nothing about the natural resources trap: indeed, it is similar to possessing just
Aid will not get countries out of the traps. It cannot stop conflict, though it can help after one is over. It can do nothing about the natural resources trap: indeed, it is similar to possessing just another natural resource. It may help landlocked countries with improved transport infrastructure, but cannot eliminate the catastrophe of having bad neighbours.
援助无法使这些国家摆脱陷阱。它无法停止冲突，尽管它可以在冲突结束后提供帮助。它对自然资源陷阱束手无策：事实上，它就像是拥有另一项自然资源。它可以帮助内陆国家改善交通设施，但无法消除拥有恶邻带来的灾难。
So what else is needed to help countries in the bottom billion? Collier makes three suggestions: first, military intervention; second, laws, statutes and charters for improved governance; and, third, trade preferences.
那么，需要做些什么来帮助最贫困的10亿人所在的国家呢？柯里尔提出了三条建议：首先，军事干预；第二，为改善治理而制定法律、条例及宪章；第三，贸易优惠。
The case for military intervention is most obvious, if controversial. Civil wars are so costly that well-timed military actions are quite likely (though not certain) to be cost-effective.
军事干预的做法虽然存在争议，但理由是最显而易见的。内战的代价如此高昂，因此，适时的军事行动很可能是成本有效的（尽管这不是必然的）。
The second area demands changes in high-income countries: ceasing to take money looted from the poorest countries is one such change; elimination of pibery by their companies is another. It also needs charters of better governance for countries in the bottom billion: transparent management of natural resources is among the most important, the UK's extractive industries transparency initiative being a good start. The book also suggests charters for democracy, budget transparency, post-conflict situations and investment.
第二个领域要求高收入国家作出改变：一个改变是不再接受从最贫穷的国家掠夺来的金钱；另一个是消除其企业的贿赂行为。最贫穷的 10 亿人所在的国家，还需要制定宪章，完善治理：自然资源的透明管理是其中最重要的举措之一，英国的采掘行业透明度行动计划 (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, EITI)就是一个良好的开端。本书还建议为民主、预算透明、冲突后的形势和投资制定宪章。
This idea sounds very naive. But the European Union has shown that external standards can make a big difference. Why should countries not sign up to charters of better governance in return for large quantities of aid? This is not imperialism. It is a bargain made in the interests of their own people.
这种观点似乎很天真。但欧盟(EU)已经证明，外部标准可以造成巨大差别。这些国家为什么不能签署关于改善治理的宪章，以换得更多援助呢？这不是帝国主义。这是为自己的人民谋福利。
The third suggestion is unrestricted access to the markets of high-income countries for labour-intensive exports from the bottom billion. Only thus, suggests Collier, are the resource-poor countries ever likely to peak into world markets for manufactures.
第三个建议是，允许来自最贫穷 10 亿人口的劳动密集型产品无限制地进入高收入国家市场。柯里尔认为，只有这样，那些资源贫乏的国家才有可能进入全球制造市场。
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