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经验交流:英汉八大差异解析(3)

<< 返回考试经验 2014-08-29来源:口译
八、英语多引申,汉语多推理 英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何,关键看词伙),二是Words do not have meaning, but people have mea

  八、英语多引申,汉语多推理
  英语有两句俗话:一是You know a word by the company it keeps.(要知义如何,关键看词伙),二是Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.(词本无义,义随人生)。这说明词典对词的定义和解释是死的,而实际运用中的语言是活的。从原文角度来说,这种活用是词义和用法的引申,翻译的时候要准确理解这种引申,译者就需要进行推理。 例如:
  While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
  译文:尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多,现代实践最符合这样一种定义,即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现和解释。
  “recreate”根据构词法和一般词典上解释都是“重新创造”,但是仔细观察recreate不难发现它带有宾语the significant events of the part,从逻辑上来讲,“过去的重大历史事件”是不能“重新创造”的,作者显然对recreate一词的词义进行了引申。做翻译的人经常会有这样一种感受:某个词明明认识,可就是不知道该怎样表达。这其实就是词的引申和推理在起作用。


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