2018年翻译资格考试英语笔译初级模拟题：文化差异
英译汉
不同的国家拥有不同的文化。同一个手势可能在不同的国家有着不同的含义。比如，在非洲，人们通过敲打桌子来叫服务员，然而这在中国却是不礼貌的。在西方国家，如果你用大拇指和食指环成一个圈
然后伸出其他三个手指，那就代表着“好的，没问题”。同样的手势在日本是“金钱”的意思，而在巴西则表示对人的侮辱。了解了这些，你最好在到外国旅游之前先了解一下当地的风俗习惯。
问候是人际交往中重要的一部分。当问候别人的时候，美国人会伸出手，直视对方，并且面带微笑。然而，有时候这样的行为会在其他国家造成误解。那些国家的人们不会用握手来彼此问候，而直视对方的眼睛也有着不同的含义。
亚洲人认为身体接触是一件很尴尬的事情，因此他们并不握手。他们有自己打招呼的方式。对日本人来说，轻轻颔首就足够了。在韩国，女性并不与人握手或者拥抱，而男性则可能握手并且轻轻点一下头。在西亚，穆斯林并不与女性发生身体接触，但是男性之间通常可以互相拥抱。眼神接触也是一样。在许多国家，用避免眼神接触来表示对对方的尊敬。这也可能造成误解÷事实上，一些亚洲学生因为不与他们的美国老师进行眼神接触而被认为对老师有失尊重。尽管不同的国家有不同的问候方式，微笑被看作是表达友好的通用方式。微笑暗示心情愉悦或者表达认可，同时也可以用来表达“打扰了”或者“请”。所以当你不确定该怎么做的时候，就微笑吧。
参考译文
Different countries have different cultures.A same gesture may havedistinct meanings indifferent countries.For instance，in Africa，people knock at the table withtheir fingers to call waiters which is considered as impolite in China.In western countries.if you make a circlewith your thumb and the index finger，and then raise the other three fingers.youare suggesting “OK”.The same gesture，however，means “money” in Japan while makesBrazilian people feel insulted.With that in mind，you’d better learn abouttheir custom before travelling to foreign countries. Greeting is an important part ofcommunication between people.When greeting someone，Americans tend to holdout their hands and look directly into his/her eyes andthen smile.However.sometimessuch behavior might bring nothing but misunderstanding in other countries.A handshake might not be accepted and looking others right in theeye Can have different meanings. Asian people regard physical contact asembarrassin9;therefore，they do not shake hands.They have their ownways of greeting people.For Japanese，a slight bow of the head is enough.In Korea，women do not shake hands or hug with people;whilemen might shake hands accompanied by nodding the head once.In western Asia，Muslims do not make bodycontacts with women yet hug is generally accepted among men.Same thing happens on eye contact.In manycountries，people avoid direct eye contact to showrespect.This can cause misunderstanding，too.In fact. students have been regarded as lacking respectfor their American teachers exactly because they failed to make eye contactswith their teachers. Though different cultures seem to havedifferent ways of greeting.smiling is taken as the universal gesture of friendliness.Smiling indicates happiness or agreement andit can also be used to mean “Excuse me ”or “Please”.Sowhen you are not sure what to do，just smile.
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